Vitamins are essential nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to function properly. They support immunity, energy production, brain function, vision, bone health, and much more. When the body does not get enough of certain vitamins—due to poor diet, absorption problems, illness, or lifestyle factors—vitamin deficiencies can develop.
This article explains the most common vitamin deficiencies, their symptoms, and why they matter.
Vitamin C Deficiency
Vitamin C is crucial for immune function, collagen production, and wound healing.
Common symptoms include:
Bleeding or swollen gums
Slow wound healing
Fatigue and weakness
Frequent infections
Scurvy (in severe cases)
Common sources: citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, bell peppers, broccoli.
Vitamin A Deficiency
Vitamin A is essential for vision, skin health, and immune defense.
Symptoms may include:
Night blindness
Dry or rough skin
Increased susceptibility to infections
Eye dryness or irritation
Common sources: carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, liver, eggs.
Vitamin D Deficiency
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and supports bone, muscle, and immune health.
Symptoms include:
Bone pain
Muscle weakness
Frequent illnesses
Fatigue
Depression or low mood
Common sources: sunlight exposure, fatty fish, egg yolks, fortified foods.
Vitamin E Deficiency
Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage.
Possible symptoms:
Muscle weakness
Vision problems
Immune system dysfunction
Nerve-related issues (rare but possible)
Common sources: nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, spinach.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Vitamin B12 is vital for nerve function and red blood cell formation.
Symptoms include:
Fatigue
Anemia
Memory problems
Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
Difficulty concentrating
Common sources: meat, fish, dairy products, eggs (supplements often needed for vegetarians/vegans).
Vitamin B-Complex Deficiency
B vitamins (B1–B7) are important for energy metabolism and nervous system health.
Symptoms may include:
Cracks at the corners of the mouth
Scaly or irritated skin
Weakness
Irritability
Poor concentration
Common sources: whole grains, legumes, meat, eggs, leafy greens.
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) Deficiency
Folate is essential for DNA synthesis and red blood cell production.
Symptoms include:
Anemia
Fatigue
Mouth sores
Poor growth or developmental issues (especially in pregnancy)
Common sources: leafy greens, beans, lentils, citrus fruits, fortified grains.
Vitamin K Deficiency
Vitamin K is necessary for proper blood clotting.
Symptoms include:
Easy bruising
Excessive bleeding
Poor wound clotting
Common sources: leafy green vegetables such as spinach, kale, and broccoli.
Why Vitamin Deficiencies Happen
Common causes include:
Poor or unbalanced diet
Digestive disorders affecting absorption
Limited sun exposure (vitamin D)
Certain medications
Increased needs during pregnancy, growth, or illness
Diagnosis and Treatment
Vitamin deficiencies are diagnosed using:
Blood tests
Medical history and symptoms
Treatment may include:
Dietary changes
Supplements (only when needed)
Treating underlying absorption issues
⚠️ Do not self-prescribe high-dose supplements without medical advice, as excess vitamins can also be harmful.
Final Thoughts
Vitamin deficiencies are common but often overlooked. Many symptoms—such as fatigue, weakness, or skin problems—are non-specific and may have multiple causes. A balanced diet, healthy lifestyle, and proper medical evaluation are the best ways to maintain optimal vitamin levels.